Who is Ray Dalio?
Ray Dalio (born 1949, Long Island) is the founder of Bridgewater Associates, the world's largest hedge fund with approximately 140 billion US dollars in assets under management. Bridgewater was founded in 1975 in Dalio's apartment and developed with the All-Weather Portfolio (1996) and the active hedge fund Pure Alpha (1991) two defining strategy architectures of modern asset allocation.
Dalio became widely known through two predictions: the subprime crisis of 2008 (Bridgewater explicitly warned in 2007 in the Daily Observations about systemic debt risk) and through his 2017 book Principles, which climbed to number 1 on the bestseller lists.
The Three Books as a Theory Trilogy
- Principles (2017) — values and decision heuristics
- Principles for Navigating Big Debt Crises (2018, free PDF) — the mechanics of debt crises
- Principles for Dealing with the Changing World Order (2021) — the "Big Cycle" as a grand theory of the rise and fall of empires
The trigger for the current chapter is Dalio's Fortune commentary "I have seen this movie before" (April 2026), in which he places the USA in Phase 5 of his Big-Cycle model — the phase immediately before a possible collapse.